Glossary
Knee glossary in English and Arabic
Anatomy of the knee30
- Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL)
- Articular cartilage
- Femoral condyles
- Femur (thigh bone)
- Fibula
- Growth plates around the knee
- Hamstrings
- Hoffa's fat pad (infrapatellar fat pad)
- Iliotibial band (IT band)
- Joint capsule
- Knee joint
- Lateral collateral ligament (LCL)
- Lateral meniscus
- Medial collateral ligament (MCL)
- Medial meniscus
- Medial patellofemoral ligament (MPFL)
- Meniscal root
- Patella (kneecap)
- Patellar tendon
- Pes anserinus (goose foot)
- Popliteus
- Posterior cruciate ligament (PCL)
- Posterolateral corner (PLC)
- Quadriceps muscle (quads)
- Quadriceps tendon
- Subchondral bone
- Synovium and synovial fluid
- Tibia (shin bone)
- Tibial plateau
- Trochlea (trochlear groove)
Examination, tests and scans30
- Anterior drawer test
- Arthrogram
- Bone marrow oedema on MRI
- CT scan of the knee
- Doppler ultrasound for blood clots
- Effusion and the bulge test
- Hop tests (return-to-sport testing)
- Isokinetic strength testing
- J-sign
- Joint aspiration (knee aspiration)
- Joint line tenderness
- KL grade (Kellgren–Lawrence)
- Knee X-ray
- Lachman test
- Long-leg alignment X-ray
- Lysholm and IKDC scores
- McMurray test
- MRI of the knee
- MRI signal (grade 1–3 meniscus signal)
- Outerbridge grade
- Patellar apprehension test
- Pivot shift test
- Posterior drawer test
- Quadriceps lag (extensor lag)
- Range of motion (knee)
- Standing (weight-bearing) X-ray
- Synovial fluid analysis
- Thessaly test
- Ultrasound of the knee
- Varus and valgus stress tests
Conditions and injuries30
- Arthrofibrosis
- Avulsion fracture
- Chondral defect
- Chondromalacia
- Compartment syndrome
- Complex meniscus tear
- Crepitus
- Cyclops lesion
- Deep vein thrombosis (DVT)
- Grade 1, 2 and 3 ligament injury
- Haemarthrosis
- Horizontal (degenerative) meniscus tear
- Instability
- Joint effusion
- Joint space narrowing
- Ligament rupture
- Mechanical symptoms
- Meniscal extrusion
- Osteochondral lesion
- Osteophytes (bone spurs)
- Patella alta
- Patellar maltracking
- Radial meniscus tear
- Segond fracture
- Sprain
- Strain
- Subchondral insufficiency fracture
- Trochlear dysplasia
- Valgus knee (knock knees)
- Varus knee (bow legs)
Treatments, surgery and rehabilitation30
- All-inside meniscus repair
- Allograft (donor tissue graft)
- Arthroscope (knee camera)
- Autograft (your own tissue graft)
- Bone-patellar tendon-bone graft (BPTB)
- Cemented vs uncemented implants
- Continuous passive motion (CPM)
- Drain (surgical drainage tube)
- DVT prophylaxis (blood thinners after surgery)
- Hamstring graft
- Hinged knee brace
- Interference screw
- Lateral extra-articular tenodesis (LET)
- Matrix-assisted chondrocyte implantation (MACI)
- Meniscectomy (meniscus trimming)
- Microfracture (bone marrow stimulation)
- Nerve block (adductor canal block)
- Osteochondral autograft transfer (OAT)
- Platelet-rich plasma (PRP)
- Portals (keyhole incisions)
- Prehabilitation (prehab)
- Quadriceps tendon graft
- Return-to-sport criteria
- Spinal anaesthesia
- Suspensory (button) fixation
- Total knee replacement components
- Tourniquet (surgical thigh cuff)
- Unicompartmental knee replacement (partial knee)
- Viscosupplementation (hyaluronic acid injection)
- Weight-bearing as tolerated (WBAT)