Glossary
Spinal anaesthesia
Quick answer
Spinal anaesthesia is a single injection of local anaesthetic into the fluid around the nerves in the lower back, numbing both legs for a few hours so knee surgery can be done without a general anaesthetic. It is commonly used for knee replacement, explains Dr. Pablo Gelber, knee surgeon at Aman Hospital in Doha.
What it is
The anaesthetist numbs a small patch of skin on your lower back and passes a very fine needle between the vertebrae, well below where the spinal cord ends. A small dose of anaesthetic is injected, and within minutes your legs feel warm, heavy and numb.
Most patients are also given sedation, so they are relaxed or lightly asleep and remember little of the operation. Others prefer to stay awake.
Why it matters for patients
Compared with a general anaesthetic, a spinal is often associated with less nausea, clearer thinking afterwards and good early pain relief. It can suit people with some heart or lung conditions.
Temporary effects include low blood pressure, difficulty passing urine for a few hours and, uncommonly, a headache. Serious nerve complications are rare.
How it is decided
The anaesthetist reviews your health, medicines and preferences at the pre-operative assessment. Blood thinners usually need to be paused beforehand, and some spinal conditions or infections rule it out. Spinal anaesthesia is often combined with a nerve block for longer pain relief.
Frequently asked questions
Will I hear or see the operation?
A screen blocks your view, and with sedation many patients doze. You can ask for music or for deeper sedation if you would rather not be aware.
When will the feeling come back to my legs?
Usually within two to four hours, starting with tingling. Nurses check movement and sensation before you stand for the first time.
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